Understanding Ganglion Cysts: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

Ganglion cysts are common, non-cancerous lumps that often appear on the joints or tendons in the hands, wrists, and feet. While they can develop anywhere on the body, they are particularly prevalent in areas with repetitive stress or pressure, making them a common concern for many of our patients here at Advanced Foot and Ankle Clinic.

What Are Ganglion Cysts?

A ganglion cyst is a fluid-filled sac that forms beneath the skin. The fluid inside is similar to the synovial fluid that lubricates joints and tendons. These cysts typically arise from a joint or tendon sheath, and their size can vary. Some are so small they’re barely noticeable, while others can grow large enough to cause discomfort or interfere with normal joint function.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of ganglion cysts remains unclear, but they are believed to form when synovial fluid leaks out of a joint or tendon sheath, collecting in a sac. Several factors may contribute to their development, including:

• Repetitive stress: Activities that involve repetitive hand or foot movements, such as typing, running, or certain sports, can increase the risk.
• Joint or tendon injury: Trauma to a joint or tendon can lead to the formation of a cyst.
• Arthritis: People with osteoarthritis, particularly those with arthritis in the joints of the fingers or feet, may be more prone to ganglion cysts.

Symptoms

Ganglion cysts are typically painless, but depending on their location and size, they can cause discomfort or other symptoms, such as:

• A noticeable lump: The cyst may vary in size and can sometimes shrink or disappear, only to reappear later.
• Pain or discomfort: If the cyst presses on a nerve, it can cause pain, tingling, numbness, or muscle weakness.
• Reduced range of motion: A large cyst may limit movement in the affected joint.

Diagnosis

At Advanced Foot and Ankle Clinic, our podiatrists can diagnose a ganglion cyst through a physical examination. The cyst is often translucent, meaning light can pass through it, which helps in identifying it. In some cases, imaging tests like an ultrasound or MRI may be recommended to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions.

Treatment Options

Many ganglion cysts are harmless and do not require treatment, especially if they aren’t causing pain or interfering with daily activities. However, if the cyst becomes painful or unsightly, several treatment options are available:

• Observation: If the cyst isn’t causing symptoms, your podiatrist may recommend simply monitoring it over time, as some cysts can resolve on their own.
• Immobilization: Wearing a brace or splint can limit movement, which may help reduce the size of the cyst.
• Aspiration: In this procedure, the fluid inside the cyst is drained using a needle. While effective, there is a chance the cyst could recur.
• Surgical removal: If the cyst is persistent or causes significant discomfort, surgery may be necessary to remove it. This procedure is typically done on an outpatient basis, and most patients recover quickly.

Prevention

While it’s not always possible to prevent ganglion cysts, taking steps to reduce joint and tendon stress can help. Wearing proper footwear, especially during physical activities, and avoiding repetitive stress to the affected area are key strategies.

Conclusion

Ganglion cysts are a common condition that can be managed effectively with proper diagnosis and treatment. If you notice a lump or experience discomfort in your foot or ankle, our team at Advanced Foot and Ankle Clinic is here to help. We offer comprehensive care tailored to your needs, ensuring you receive the best possible treatment for any foot and ankle condition.

Contact us today to schedule an appointment and take the first step toward pain-free movement.